During apoptosis, cells activate specific DNA endonucleases that cleave genomic DNA between nucleosomes. When DNA is extracted from apoptotic cells and analyzed by gel electrophoresis, a characteristic DNA ladder consisting of fragments in multiples of 180–200 bp can be observed. The TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling) Apoptosis Detection Kit (YSFluor™ 640) is designed to detect DNA fragmentation in the nuclei of cells during late-stage apoptosis. The assay is based on the enzymatic activity of Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase (TdT), which catalyzes the incorporation of YSFluor™ 640-12-dUTP into the 3′-hydroxyl (3′-OH) ends exposed at DNA strand breaks. The labeled DNA can then be detected using a fluorescence microscope or flow cytometer. YSFluor™ 640 is a bright, photostable red-fluorescent dye that provides high signal intensity and excellent resistance to photobleaching. This kit is broadly applicable and can be used to detect apoptosis in: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections Frozen tissue sections Cultured adherent or suspension cells Features Rapid and Convenient Detection – Simple workflow enables fast assessment of apoptosis in cultured cells without complex procedures. High Accuracy – Dual staining with Annexin V-YSFluor™ 647 and Propidium Iodide (PI) allows precise discrimination between early apoptotic, late apoptotic, necrotic, and live cells. Sensitive and Reliable – Optimized fluorophore conjugation and buffer formulation ensure strong signal with minimal background, suitable for flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Versatile – Compatible with a wide range of cell types, including adherent and suspension cells. Components Components No. Name 40308ES20 40308ES50 40308ES60 40308-A 5× Equilibration Buffer 750 μL 1.25 mL × 2 1.25 mL × 3 40308-B YSFluor™ 640-12-dUTP Labeling Mix 100 μL 250 μL 250 μL × 2 40308-C Recombinant TdT Enzyme 20 μL 50 μL 50 μL × 2 40308-D Proteinase K (2 mg/mL) 40 μL 100 μL 100 μL × 2 40308-E DNase I (1 U/μL) 5 μL 12 μL 25 μL 40308-F 10× DNase I Buffer with MgCl₂ 100 μL 250 μL 500 μL